Evidence of spin liquid with hard-core bosons in a square lattice

We show that laser assisted hopping of hard core bosons in a square optical lattice can be described by an antiferromagnetic $J_{1}$-$J_{2}$ XY model with tunable ratio of $J_{2}/J_{1}$. We numerically investigate the phase diagram of the $J_{1}$-$J_{2}$ XY model using both the tensor network algorithm for infinite systems and the exact diagonalization for small clusters and find strong evidence that in the intermediate region around $$, there is a spin liquid phase with vanishing magnetization and valence bond orders, which interconnects the Neel state on the $J_{2}\ll J_{1}$ side and the stripe antiferromagnetic phase on the $$ side. This finding opens up the possibility of studying the exotic spin liquid phase in a realistic experimental system using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Supersolid and charge density-wave states from anisotropic interaction in an optical lattice

We show anisotropy of the dipole interaction between magnetic atoms or polar molecules can stabilize new quantum phases in an optical lattice. Using a well controlled numerical method based on the tensor network algorithm, we calculate phase diagram of the resultant effective Hamiltonian in a two-dimensional square lattice - an anisotropic Hubbard model of hard-core bosons with attractive interaction in one direction and repulsive interaction in the other direction. Besides the conventional superfluid and the Mott insulator states, we find the striped and the checkerboard charge density wave states and the supersolid phase that interconnect the superfluid and the striped solid states. The transition to the supersolid phase has a mechanism different from the case of the soft-core Bose Hubbard model.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

The Current Use of Stem Cells in Bladder Tissue Regeneration and Bioengineering.

Many pathological processes including neurogenic bladder and malignancy necessitate bladder reconstruction, which is currently performed using intestinal tissue. The use of intestinal tissue, however, subjects patients to metabolic abnormalities, bladder stones, and other long-term sequelae, raising the need for a source of safe and reliable bladder tissue. Advancements in stem cell biology have catapulted stem cells to the center of many current tissue regeneration and bioengineering strategies. This review presents the recent advancements in the use of stem cells in bladder tissue bioengineering

Topological Bose-Mott Insulators in a One-Dimensional Optical Superlattice

We study topological properties of the Bose-Hubbard model with repulsive interactions in a one-dimensional optical superlattice. We find that the Mott insulator states of the single-component (two-component) Bose-Hubbard model under fractional fillings are topological insulators characterized by a nonzero charge (or spin) Chern number with nontrivial edge states. For ultracold atomic experiments, we show that the topological Chern number can be detected through measuring the density profiles of the bosonic atoms in a harmonic trap.Comment: 5 pages, published versio

Stabilization of the p-wave superfluid state in an optical lattice

It is hard to stabilize the p-wave superfluid state of cold atomic gas in free space due to inelastic collisional losses. We consider the p-wave Feshbach resonance in an optical lattice, and show that it is possible to have a stable p-wave superfluid state where the multi-atom collisional loss is suppressed through the quantum Zeno effect. We derive the effective Hamiltonian for this system, and calculate its phase diagram in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The results show rich phase transitions between the p-wave superfluid state and different types of insulator states induced either by interaction or by dissipation.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Calculation of composition distribution of ultrafine ion-H2O-H2SO4 clusters using a modified binary ion nucleation theory

Thomson's ion nucleation theory was modified to include the effects of curvature dependence of the microscopic surface tension of field dependent, nonlinear, dielectric properties of the liquid; and of sulfuric acid hydrate formation in binary mixtures of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The modified theory leads to a broadening of the ion cluster spectrum, and shifts it towards larger numbers of H2O and H2SO4 molecules. Whether there is more shifting towards larger numbers of H2O or H2SO4 molecules depends on the relative humidity and relative acidity of the mixture. Usually, a broadening of the spectrum is accompanied by a lowering of the mean cluster intensity. For fixed values of relative humidity and relative acidity, a similar broadening pattern is observed when the temperature is lowered. These features of the modified theory illustrate that a trace of sulfuric acid can facilitate the formation of ultrafine, stable, prenucleation ion clusters as well as the growth of the prenucleation ion clusters towards the critical saddle point conditions, even with low values of relative humidity and relative acidity